Friday, November 29, 2019
Stakeholder Analysis Essay Example
Stakeholder Analysis Essay These guidelines are part of a set of five that BirdLife is using to ensure that projects at IBAs have the participation and ownership of local people, and to help design actions that achieve the linked objectives of improved local livelihoods and IBA conservation. The guidelines should be used as a linked and complementary set. The series comprises: Guidelines on Project Planning: The Logical Framework Approach, a Project Design and Analysis Tool Guidelines for Participatory Poverty Assessment at IBAs and the identification of poverty reduction indicators Guidelines on Stakeholder analysis Guidelines for Site Support Group Institutional Analysis Guidelines for basic monitoring of Important Bird Areas Feedback on the guidelines, so that they can be developed and improved, is much appreciated. Please send your comments to david. [emailprotected] org The main source for these guidelines was: Bibby, C. J and Alder, C. 2003 (eds) The conservation project manual. Cambridge, UK: BP Conservation Programme 1. How to identify the stakeholders The objectives of stakeholder identification are twofold: to get a clear understanding as to who the main stakeholders are, and to understand their values, beliefs, problems and attitudes towards the project. Stakeholder identification will also give you a good understanding as to who should be directly involved in project planning. Internal stakeholders (i. e. those included within the likely partnership for your project) are relatively easy to identify. We will write a custom essay sample on Stakeholder Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stakeholder Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stakeholder Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer You should by now have a good idea about the objectives, strengths and weaknesses of your team and project partners, and the initial project idea should give you a sufficient insight of which specialist knowledge will be required to implement the project. External stakeholders (i. e. those likely to remain outside the project partnership but who may be affected by the project or have some other interest in its outcome) are much more difficult to identify. The first task (often overlooked) is to differentiate sufficiently between your stakeholders. It is not good enough for example merely to limit the definition of villagers around a national park to ââ¬Ëlocal peopleââ¬â¢. There are likely to be huge differences within this group and the aim should be, as much as practical, to define homogeneous groups with similar characteristics. In its simplest form, people who know the project situation very well can simply brainstorm the list of important stakeholders and analyse their characteristics in the form of a stakeholder analysis (see below). However, more often than not, planners need to analyse the situation in the field. For simple projects, it might be sufficient to consult key informants. These are individuals who know the local situation well, such as village heads, local government officials, local teachers and religious leaders. Larger projects will often require more detailed specialist studies to fully understand the socio-economic environment of the project. Clearly, the most direct method of involving stakeholders is to involve everybody directly in the project planning. While this is feasible for some small projects, it is clearly impossible to do if large numbers of people are involved. You should therefore consult directly with every stakeholder group through formal and/or informal surveys, group discussions or similar tools of participatory approaches. True participatory planning requires special skills in team dynamics, visualisation, interview and facilitation techniques (and therefore requires specialist input). 2. Stakeholder analysis The challenge is to take the viewpoints and actions of these specific groups into account. The objectives and interests of the people, social groups or institutions participating in or affected by the project should always be ncluded in planning, through a stakeholder analysis. This step is generally done during the planning workshop, after a thorough analysis of the situation in the field. The objectives of the stakeholder analysis are: to list and characterise the major stakeholders to understand their present and potential roles and responsibilities to understand their interests, fears, problems and potentials to draw conclusi ons for the planning of the project. List of main stakeholders 1 This step is a simple collection of names of relevant groups. There are often a large number of stakeholders involved. It is therefore highly recommended to cluster stakeholders into homogeneous groups with similar characteristics, problems and interests. On the other hand, great care should be taken not to lump different groups together. Even ââ¬Å"conservation groupsâ⬠for example may not be sufficiently differentiated category each conservation organisation within such a grouping may well have its own particular perspective on an issue. Always refer back to the project idea to check whether a group is really a major stakeholder or not. This will often become an iterative process once you have put together your initial project plan and have developed a clearer focus of what it will do, you will probably have to reconsider your stakeholder analysis to identify any additional stakeholders in relation to this. Analysis of stakeholders The second step is an analysis of each stakeholder group in terms of its characteristics, impact and relation to the project. There are many different ways to do a stakeholder analysis. We recommend the planning group agrees the headings under which each group is analysed. Conventionally, these include: main characteristics such as social structure, interests (what makes them tick), impact on the present situation, fears and expectations. In many situations there may be important differences in interests, impacts etc. between men and women. Therefore if appropriate stakeholder groups should be differentiated according to gender. Recommendations, prioritisation and project design Following the above analysis, the planning group should agree a recommendation as to what the project should do to address the findings of the analysis and which priority should be given to its implementation. Results of the stakeholder analysis should be presented in a short summary of the findings. An extract of a stakeholder analysis is presented below. Some stakeholders might have negative views of the project and their positions need to be understood to work in the right direction; different stakeholders have different degrees of potential contribution and impact and might be involved in the project in different ways; representatives of all the major groups would be needed to formulate a plan that had a good chance of success. When the analysis is complete, it is essential to ensure that the proposal shows clearly how the recommendations are taken into account in the project activities and monitoring plan. 2 3. The Stakeholder Analysis Report Please prepare your stakeholder analysis report according to the following outline: 1. Method 1. 1 How was the stakeholder analysis carried out? (describe any meetings/workshops, consultation, review of documents etc. ) 1. 2 If you held a stakeholder analysis workshop, who was present? 1. 3 Which groups did these people represent? 2. Results 2. Complete a summary table (using the framework shown in Annex 1) 2. 2 Provide a more detailed description of the main stakeholders, expanding on the information in the table 3. Implications for project implementation 3. 1 How will the different stakeholders be engaged in the project? (i. e. how will you ensure that they are kept briefed about project progress, that they support the project and are involved? ) 3. 2 What will be t he role of the different stakeholders in the project? (i. e. How will they be involved ââ¬â as project partners, as beneficiaries, other? Will they be directly involved in implementation, in decision-making, as part of a steering committee? ) 3. 3 Are there any stakeholders with negatives views of the project? If so, how will this situation be addressed? 3. 4 How has this stakeholder analysis influenced the project design, activities and implementation strategy? Annex 1: Partially filled in stakeholder analysis for a project aiming to conserve wetlands with high population density Stakeholder Characteristics Main interests what are their main interests or motivations? Impact on situation what impact do they currently have on the situation the project is interested in? Interests, fears, expectations what is their reaction to the project likely to be? Relation to project what is most likely position that they will adopt vis-a-vis the project? Potential impact how important or serious might consequences be for the project? (low, med, high, critical) Recommendations Priority identity of group or individuals what sort of person or organisation are they? Implications of this for the project plan Rank importance of stakeholder to project success (high, med, low) Policy makers Elected, influential, temporary Satisfy needs of people, reelection Central Govt conservation departments Central Govt development departments Some influence on policy makers and donors, under-funded Knowledge of development issues, Wide contacts, strong influence on policy makers Nature Conservation Development and poverty alleviation Support of fishers and farmers; little knowledge of conservation Limited awareness Like positive publicity, fear that project could hinder development Would like to lead, staff input Potential supporters High Keep informed, convince of benefits if in doubt High Project partner Critical Involve closely at all stages of planning and implementation High Local Govt services [fishery, etc list them, one by one] Local government Hunters from elsewhere Herders National conservation NGOs Researchers Subsistence fishers Artisanal fishers Industrial fishers 4 5 Stakeholder Analysis Essay Example Stakeholder Analysis Essay Stakeholder Analysis Name: Institution: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Stakeholder Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stakeholder Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stakeholder Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Abstract This paper will conduct a stakeholder analysis of all the possible stakeholders at the Democratic-Republican National Convention. It will use the nine-step approach, in the analysis. This approach is comprehensive in identifying the stakeholders, the level of interest they hold, and their consequent priorities. It also identifies the stakeholdersââ¬â¢ concerns, and possible claims they may make to the organization. In addition, this approach enables the organization to take a realistic look at its abilities to perform its duty, by conducting a SWOT analysis, and determining its strategies and policies. The approach requires that one provide the necessary recommendations, based on his or her findings. Stakeholder Analysis Part 1 Describe and define your organization The organization that I am conducting the stakeholder analysis is Democratic-Republican National Convention. It is a non-profit organization. As Miami-Dade Police Department, our job and our top concern is to ensure that all citizens and delegates are secure and protected. The current mission of the police department during the convention is to ensure that all the protestors, activists, and any other people who may have ill intentions do not disrupt the convention or cause any harm to anybody. Identify the key stakeholders The key stakeholders include the delegates, visitors to the convention, police officers and other law enforcement agencies such as secret service agents and officers from the department of homeland security, the mayor and other local government officials, hospitals, the cityââ¬â¢s correctional facilities, journalists and other media personnel, protestors, activists, motorists, and the city residents. There are both internal and external stakeholders. The internal stakeholders are the mayor, delegates, visitors to the convention, and other local government officials. The external stakeholders are the journalists and other media personnel, activists, protestors, motorists, and the city residents. The stakeholders can be claimants or influencers. Identify the stakeholdersââ¬â¢ interests and concerns The stakeholders are interested in ensuring the success of the convention. They expect the convention to proceed as smoothly as possible, with minimal interference. These interests are somewhat similar to the interests of the police department, but the department is more concerned with ensuring the safety of all the people, rather than in ensuring that the proceedings of the conventions go smoothly. The concerns that are of utmost importance to the organization are security matters. The department wants to enhance the security and minimize all possible threats. The stakeholders concerns regarding the proceedings of the convention are not pertinent to the organization since they are political in nature Identify the claims that stakeholders are likely to make on the organization The stakeholders are more likely to claim that the organization provides enough security for the delegates and visitors in the convention. Their claims are legitimate because this is the initial role and responsibility of the organization. The organization will be at the forefront in ensuring that it meets these claims. Failure to do so would reflect irresponsibility and incompetence on the part of the organization. It would lessen the chances of success of the convention, and it would enhance security threats on all the people. There is also a high chance that the demonstrations from the protestors would lead to increased violence. If I do consider these claims, I will ensure that the convention is successful and that the people support other conventions in the city in the future. Identify the stakeholders that are most important to your organization All the stakeholders are pertinent to my organization, since I have to ensure that they are all protected and secure. Failure to protect any of the stakeholder, whether internal or external, would reflect badly on the organization Conduct a SWOT analysis of your organization One of the strengths of my organization is that it has enough resources, which include personnel, equipment, and the necessary tools, to handle any problem that might arise. The people at my organization have the willingness, ability, and the qualifications needed, and I do not foresee any problems in that end. One possible weakness is that my organization does not have prior experience dealing with such an event. It has not dealt with an event of such magnitude previously. The organization can exploit several opportunities. For instance, it can take advantage of the numerous security personnel that will be present during the occasion. It can learn valuable security lessons from the federal security agents. The other opportunity that the organization can exploit is to request for more security funds for the organization. The organizers of the conference can add increased funds towards ensuring the success of the convention. The possible threat facing my organization is the likelihood of a terror attack occurring. I foresee this as the major threat. Other threats include the possibility of dealing with violent protestors Determine organizational strategy The organization will use the strengths it has to ensure that it provides the topmost security to the delegates and other stakeholders. Since lack of experience is the principal weakness facing the organization, the organization will request for services from other security personnel in another state, who has had prior experience organizing the security details at such events. It will request these services some time before the convention begins, to allow enough time for the officers to train. The organization will conduct a campaign several weeks before the convention, whose main purpose will be to inform all the people of the expected behavior, and the consequences they will face if they fail to adhere to the rules. In case any of the threat occurs, the organization has informed all the institutions dealing with emergency cases, such as hospitals, to be ready for any eventualities Determine organizational policy Maximum attainment of peace during the convention Recommend specific action The organizationââ¬â¢s education campaigns will ensure that everyone know of their roles and responsibilities during the convention. It will mobilize all the security personnel from within, and outside the city. It will enlist the services of other personnel who have had prior experience in managing the security detail at the convention. Part 2 Student sample paper 1- Renita Harris I like the way she has written the abstract, explaining the paperââ¬â¢s contents. I also like the way she has organized the paper, since this makes it easy to follow. She has been able to identify the possible stakeholders during the convention. Her organizationââ¬â¢s SWOT analysis has considered all possibilities. However, I feel that she could have done more to ensure that she deals with the weakness facing the organization. I also noticed that she has used sexist language in her paper, that is the use of the word ââ¬Ëman powerââ¬â¢, which eliminates the possibility of female security personnel. Student sample paper 2- Patricia Jefferson-Shaw The use of numbers and bulleted points makes the paper easy to follow and understand. She has identified specific stakeholders, and I like her inclusion of the fire department, which will help in case of any emergencies. I agree with most of what she has written. However, she has failed to show how the stakeholdersââ¬â¢ interests and concerns are different from those of the organization. I do not agree with her as concerns the lack of importance of some of the external stakeholders, since the organization is supposed to ensure the security of everyone present. Student sample paper 3- Deborah S. Smith I like her use of the key stakeholdersââ¬â¢ map, which simplifies the identification of all personnel in the organization. She has included a lot of information, beginning with the organizationââ¬â¢s role and mission. This makes the reader feel that she is part of the organization and that she understands her role well. I feel that her work would have been easy to follow had she included some headlines to show the different sections.
Monday, November 25, 2019
Glorious Revolution vs. Salem essays
Glorious Revolution vs. Salem essays The Glorious Revolution For years the colonies had considered themselves self-ruled. In fact, very few of the colonies had been established as royal colonies, most of them were founded under propriety share holders or by groups of people trying to escape persecutions. The colony of Plymouth had been founded by the Pilgrims. The Pilgrims set down their own laws and ruled over their own affairs, all of this done with out a charter approving it. They followed the Mayflower Compact, the rules that they had set before, they had agreed to rule equally and peaceably. The rule of the time was that basically, the king would grant a charter ensuring that the free men would have a voice in the legislation affecting them. Many colonies would then have elected representatives? rule the affairs. Many colonies also held town meetings in which the people could speak of their own concerns. The government of England was distracted by other affairs of the country to deal with this until 1660 when King Charles II to ok the throne. However, even now, the colonies were left largely undisturbed. It wasn't until around the 1670's that things started change for the colonists. The Lords of Trade and Plantation (a group dedicated to the enforcement of the mercantile system in the colonies) tried to revoke the Massachusetts Bay charter because of their refusal to follow the system. In 1685 King James II replaced King Charles II. One of King James? first acts as king was to unite New England into 1 colony called the Dominion of New England. King James was already under suspicion for being a Catholic and this did nothing to make him popular with the largely Puritan population in the colonies. Having all of New England under 1 governor helped to keep control. King James appointed Edmund Andros as governor in 1686, a decision the colonists abhorred. Governor Andros had permission to raise and lower taxes a...
Friday, November 22, 2019
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. in 2008 Managements Initiatives to Transform the Case Study
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. in 2008 Managements Initiatives to Transform the Company and Curtail Wal-Mart Bashing - Case Study Example Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. in 2008 Managementââ¬â¢s Initiatives to Transform the Company and Curtail Wal-Mart Bashing Whereas, the vision statement is ââ¬Å"If we work together, weââ¬â¢ll lower the cost of living for everyoneâ⬠¦weââ¬â¢ll give the world an opportunity to see what itââ¬â¢s like to save and have a better life.â⬠(Forfan, ââ¬Å"Wal-Mart Stores Mission Statement - People, Saving Money, Living a Better Liveâ⬠; 2Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., ââ¬Å"10 Rules for Building a Businessâ⬠) Strategy, leadership, or execution contribute towards Wal-Martââ¬â¢s success but, the single biggest factor that accounts for Wal-Martââ¬â¢s success was its strategies for prioritizing low-cost/ differentiation strategy (Zimmerman, ââ¬Å"To Boost Sales, Wal-Mart Drops One-Size-Fits-All Approachâ⬠). Wal-Mart values include service towards the customers, respect individual, strive for quality and perform with integrity. The proposed working environment values of the company were focused on stakeholder requirements, respects towards workers, quality towards shareholder as well as brand value and performance with cooperation (3Wal-Mart Inc., ââ¬Å"Cultureâ⬠). Wal-Mart corporate culture emphasizes conservative, religious, and family-oriented business. (Hayden, Lee, McMahon and Pereira, ââ¬Å"A Case Study on Wal-Mart Stores Inc.â⬠). Wal-Mart business practice in present scenario focuses on the culture of working together in order to fulfill the purpose of helping people to save money and live the life in better way in accordance to its business strategy (3Wal-Mart Inc., ââ¬Å"Cultureâ⬠).
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Individual public managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Individual public managers - Essay Example The public administration through the human resource function must be able to develop a strategic plan that will ensure that it achieves its organizational goals and objectives. A strategic plan must be competitive because the main function other than meeting customer demands and making a profit is the achievement of competitive advantage of an organization. Additionally, a competitive strategy developed by the human resource function for an organization must be able to generate significant returns on investment (ROI), applies cost-effective technologies, and renders services that are of value. Strategic planning allows a public administrative body to withstand the challenges influenced by change. Strategic planning provides a clear purpose and a sense of direction for an organization as change tends to be a constant factor in every business. In most cases, organizations that do not plan and anticipate challenges always attract failure might also fail because a plan put in place was not properly implemented. The challenge mostly lies in the implementation of a strategy rather in the development of the same as argued by many public managers and company CEOs. In this case, strategic human resources management includes the aspects of recruiting, hiring, training, promotion, evaluation, and compensation of employees in line with the ethical requirements. The plan developed below uses diversity management because this application recognizes and values the fact that people are diverse and applies them to achieve organizational outcomes. Diversity management is an effective application when it comes to managing people within an organization because it puts in mind the strengths, attributes of a workforce for the good of an organization. In this step, the inclusion of all employees is essential in this part of developing the plan because they can be helpful in providing insights into the challenges and obstacles they
Monday, November 18, 2019
Prohibition of alcohol in 1920's Research Paper
Prohibition of alcohol in 1920's - Research Paper Example For this reason, all alcohol was banned indefinitely. From 1920 to 1933 the era called Prohibition did not allow for the drinking, manufacturing, or sale of alcoholic beverages. Despite all of the ââ¬Å"goodâ⬠intentions that bred Prohibition it was, ultimately, economically unsound and led to side-effects that were ineffective at solving the problems that they hoped to resolve. Background In order to understand the era of Prohibition better it is necessary to be more familiar with what led to what, today, would seem like a rather drastic law. The Temperance movement was, essentially, a philosophical belief with deep roots in religion. The ideals of the movement, including their dislike of alcohol consumption, goes back as far as the mid 1800s; over the years the movement gained a following.(Miron, and Zwiebel 2) The Temperance movement is historically linked to the suffrage movement. Women of the time had few worthwhile rights, their husbands could freely go to the bars and dr ink and then go home and ââ¬Å"beatâ⬠their families. For this reason, the temperance movement was primarily supported by women, who were finally standing up for themselves, saw the consumption of alcohol with adding to the mistreatment of women and the breakdown of family morality. Also, Wayne Bidwell Wheeler has been called a genius behind much of the prohibition movement. He contributed to the founding of the Anti-Saloon League in 1893. His strategy was to take the movement on the road and go state by state, spreading the principles behind the Temperance movement. Eventually he and the movement had enough support among voters that he was able to sway the vote in the 1916 election. While the supporters were celebrating their success, bar owners and breweries began shutting their doors and selling their alcohol inventories. In 1920, the 18th Amendment went into effect. The amendment banned all intoxicating beverages.(Okrent 2) In July of that same year the United States becam e a ââ¬Å"dryâ⬠country, at least, legally it did. The Volstead Act, passed, as well, which defined that the ban would apply to any beverage with more than 0.5% alcohol level. Discussion Prohibition had begun. This period of time will be a rather interesting point in history. Although, alcohol consumption did lower at the beginning of the ban, however, shortly after the consumption of alcohol increased to higher than it had ever been before. This was partly because, although, alcohol was illegal there were still a demand for alcohol. Illegal bars, and ââ¬Å"speakeasiesâ⬠began to opening in secret all over the country; relying on illegal and bootlegged liquors to fill their stock. By 1925, there were 100,000 illegal establishments in New York City alone. These were the means by which, Al Capone, and other profiteers like him, who made a fortune off the illegality of alcohol in the United States.(Sandbrook 1) However, over the years the America citizenââ¬â¢s perception s of alcohol began to change. The perfectly ordered society that the Temperance movement had promised has never arrived. Also, The Great Depression saw a change in the priorities of the American people. By 1932 many leaders were comfortable with the legalizing, production, and selling of beer. They, actually, believed that it would ease the mental stresses and suffering of the people during such a harsh economic time. November 16, 1932 the Twenty-first Amendment was
Saturday, November 16, 2019
Advantages Of The Plasma Antenna Information Technology Essay
Advantages Of The Plasma Antenna Information Technology Essay An antenna is a device that sends or accepts electromagnetic waves. It changes electromagnetic waves into electric currents, and electric currents to electromagnetic waves. Antennas are used to send and receive waves from the radio frequency of the electromagnetic spectrum. Antennas are used in radio and television broadcasting, spacecraft communication, point-to-point radio communication like walkie-talkie system, hand phones, radar, and wireless LAN. An antenna is a setup of one or more electrical conductors, also called elements. In the transmission of an antenna, a voltage is applied at the antenna terminals to produce an alternating current (A.C) in the elements, thus causing the elements to produce an electromagnetic field as an effect. In reception, the reverse happens: an electromagnetic wave from an external source induces an alternating current in the elements and a matching voltage at the antennas terminals. Some receiving antennas use shaped reflective surfaces to collect the radio waves hitting them and direct or focus them onto the elements. Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894) built some of the first primitive antennas in 1888 in his experiments to prove that electromagnetic waves exist as inferred by the James Clerk Maxwells theory. One of the antennas he built was the dipole antenna, which will be explained in detail in the Supporting Theory section of this report. He published his work and installation design in Annalen der Physik und Chemie (vol. 36, 1889). In 1919, J Hettinger was granted a patent for the concept of a plasma antenna. A plasma antenna is a type of antenna that is currently in development in which plasma is used to replace the metal elements of a normal antenna. A plasma antenna can be used for transmission and reception, just like normal radio antennas. Plasma antennas have only become practical in recent years, where high speed internet connection is an important necessity to all. Currently, Plasma Antennas (a company) in Winchester of the United Kingdoms have developed a plasma antenna which they named Plasma Silicon Antenna or PSiAN. FINDINGS 2.1 SUPPORTING THEORY 2.1.1à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ ANTENNA Here is an explanation of how a traditional antenna works. There are many types of antennas that have been designed by humans over the years but for simplicitys sake, the explanation here will describe how a dipole antenna works. A dipole antenna is an antenna that can be built using a simple wire with a driven element in the centre. It consists of two metal conductors of rod or wire, arranged parallel and in line with each other, with a small space between them. The radio frequency voltage is applied to the driven element at the center, between the two conductors. These antennas are the most primitive practical antennas. They are used mostly in traditional rabbit ears television antennas. 450_wide.jpg How the antenna transmits signals: First, a voltage is applied to the antenna terminal (in this case, the driven element in the centre) to produce a potential difference in between the opposite ends of the two conducting wires. When a potential difference exists, there will be a flow of electrons, which in turn produces a current. Say that the electrons from end A are moving towards end B at maximum speed. When they reach end B, they will stop instantaneously. End B is now negatively charged whereas end A is positively charged. The electrons are attracted to the positive charges at end A and move back towards A at maximum speed. Now, the charges at both ends are reversed. This back and forth movement of the electrons produces an alternating current in the conducting wires. When there is an alternating current in the metal conductors, electromagnetic waves are produced. These waves are the signals being transmitted by the antenna. How the antenna receives signals: On the other hand, the entire process is reversed for the antenna to receive signals. Electromagnetic waves from an external source reach the conducting wires. The electromagnetic field is cut by the conducting wires, causing an alternating current to flow in the conducting wires. Consequently, when there is a current flowing in the wires, a voltage will exist too. The antenna receives the alternating current as its signal. 2.1.2 à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ PLASMA Contrary to popular belief, there are actually four states of matter in existence: solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Plasma contains fields, charged particles like ions and electrons, and also neutral particles. Plasma is capable of conducting electricity and generating magnetic fields. 2.1.3 à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ PLASMA ANTENNA In the plasma antenna, the traditional metal conductor of the normal antenna is replaced with plasma. This technology employs the electrical conductivity of the substance, plasma, to conduct the electrical currents and so generate the electromagnetic waves necessary to transmit the signal. There are two types of plasma antennas, the gas antenna and the semi-conductor antenna. The gas antenna is an antenna with ionised gas enclosed in a tube as the conductor.A wide assortment of gases can be used to produce the plasma, such as Group 18 elements like neon, argon, xenon, krypton and other gases like mercury vapour and helium. When the gases are ionised, they will be a composition of positive ions and electrons, which provides us with plasma. plasma_antenna.jpg Another type of plasma antenna is known as the semi-conductor antenna. These plasma antennas rely on silicon chips through which electricity is passed though to release a cloud of electrons, which then serves as the plasma. twoantennaqu.jpg Silicon chips in the semiconductor antenna Similar to the way a normal antenna functions, the plasma antenna basically transmits and receives signals the same way. Both the transmission and reception processes involve the movement of electrons and the production of electromagnetic waves. The only difference between the normal antenna and the plasma antenna is the conducting element. That said, the plasma antenna entails more advantages and benefits as compared to the traditional antenna. 2.2 ANALYSIS 2.2.1 à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ ADVANTAGES OF THE PLASMA ANTENNA 1. Plasma antennas are invisible to radar. When the plasma antenna is not turned on, radar will find it difficult to detect the antenna. Even if the plasma antenna is turned on, it is invisible to signals above the plasma frequency. This makes it hard for the plasma antenna signals to be intercepted or detected by anyone other than the intended recipient. Clearly, this particular aspect of the plasma antenna makes it ideal for use by the military to transmit and receive secret instructions and information. 2. The plasma antenna allows for extremely short pulses, unlike a normal metal antenna. When electricity is passed through a metal conductor, an effect known as ringing occurs, that is an extra burst of electricity flow through the conductor for an extremely short while when there is a sudden change of input (like when the pulse is short). This wastes energy and causes unwanted electromagnetic waves to be produced. With the plasma antenna, ringing is totally eliminated. 3. Plasma antenna technology allows for the design of antennas that are efficient, light, and smaller than traditional antennas. With the metal conductors replaced with either silicon chips or gas, the plasma antenna is lighter and more portable than the metal antenna. 4. The plasma antenna is dynamically reconfigurable, which means that the handlers of the antenna can freely change the frequency, gain, polarization, power, directionality and beamwidth of the signal. The implications of this advantage is that instead of needing multiple normal antennas, we can just use a single plasma antenna, reducing cost and saving space. 5. The plasma antenna is capable of transmitting signals at an extremely fast speed. In the plasma semiconductor antenna, by selectively activating certain diodes, the handler is able to focus the electromagnetic waves produced into a beam, which travels faster than a wave. 2.2.2 à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ DISADVANTAGES OF THE PLASMA ANTENNA AND SOLUTIONS 1. According to a scientist who is involved in the development of the plasma antenna, Ted Handerson, Haleakala RD, Brookfield, Massachusetts, the semi-conductor version of the plasma antenna is limited to high frequencies, which makes certain applications difficult. For example, Wi-Gig routers operating at 60Ghz cannot penetrate walls. Solution: The signals can be reflected off surfaces to reach their destination instead. For example, Wi-Gig routers will emit the signals, which will then reflect off the physical surfaces of the walls to reach the computer or device. 2. The ionizer increases power consumption. More energy is required to ionize the gases or to make the silicon chips release electrons. Therefore, plasma antennas actually use more power than normal antennas. Solution: Other technologies to reduce power consumption of plasma antennas can be considered or developed in the future. One current example is the Antenna Integrated Radio Solution developed by the partnership between Ericsson and Kathrein-Werke KG. In this design, the antenna is built into the radio unit to cut installation time and power consumption greatly. This design has the potential to be tailored so that it works for plasma antennas as well. 3. Plasma volumes must be stable and repeatable. When a gas is ionised, not all 100% of the gas will ionise to become plasma. With silicon chips, it is reasonable to say that the amount of electrons released by the silicon when heated or charged will vary from time to time. Thus it is imperative that the volume of plasma generated each time should be the same. The amount of plasma existing during a transmission or reception should also be the stable and not fluctuate. Only then will the electromagnetic waves transmitted be stable. Solution: Perhaps one way of controlling plasma emission by the ionised gases and silicon chips would be to keep the current flowing through it constant, thereby exciting only a certain amount of particles, and producing a fixed volume of plasma. 2.2.3 à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ APPLICATIONS OF THE PLASMA ANTENNA The plasma antenna has high potential to be used in the military sector, as it is hard to be detected by radar. This is good for the military to send and receive top secret documents or instructions. As signals radiated by a plasma antenna is hard to intercept and therefore hard to be blocked, the plasma antenna is said to be resistant to electronic warfare, a strategy commonly employed by enemy countries. Not only that, but the plasma antenna can be used in radio and television broadcasting. The signals emitted by the plasma antenna tend to be stronger than the signals emitted by the normal metal antenna, thus causing the radio waves to last longer without damping and being extinguished. The consequence of this implication is that radio broadcasting companies no longer need to build so many relay stations and towers to relay the signal to further areas. As a result, the plot of land can be used for industrial or residential purposes, or preserved to save nature. 44thSignalTower.jpg A signal relay tower Another market application for the plasma antenna is to be installed on ships and submarines. Submarines require stealth to complete the mission of its crew, and so having a plasma antenna would be of great benefit. For fishing ships that require echolocation to locate the position of fish in deep sea, the plasma antenna will also be advantageous. The signals emitted by the plasma antenna can be adjusted to high frequency, thus able to penetrate miles and miles of seawater. One very relevant application of the plasma antenna is in wireless Internet, like Wi-Gig. Wi-Gig provides faster Internet connection to users than is provided by Wi-Fi. A faster Internet connection means that users will be more productive and save time. The economy of the country can be improved as more work can be done in a shorter time. Activities like downloading podcasts, movies and music at fast speeds can be done even using wireless Internet connection. This is clearly an advantage for mobile users. Another application of the plasma antenna is its role in improving public safety networks. Devices like CCTVs around a neighbourhood or city are usually connected in a video surveillance network. These devices are used to prevent crimes from happening, or as video evidence in court. Clearly, these devices are also important in tracking down criminals who are escaping. If any of the devices are malfunctioning or have suffered malevolent damage by terrorists, it is possible for a handler from the public safety department to reroute traffic through backhaul networks using plasma antennas. public.safety.networks.jpg It is also possible that plasma antennas can be used in space communication. Plasma antennas which prove to be lighter than normal antennas can serve as communication devices on jet planes, commercial planes, and even space shuttles. For example, scientists and researchers working at the NASA Glenn Research Centre have filed and received a patent for a slotted antenna waveguide plasma source. 3.0 RECOMMENDATIONS After doing all this research on the plasma antenna, this section will be about my recommendations on how the plasma antenna can benefit Malaysians in particular. As mentioned before this, the plasma antenna is crucial in the development of Wi-Gig, wireless Internet connection faster than the Wi-Fi. In Malaysia, Wi-Fi is actually considered very slow if compared to other countries like the US and Korea. If the Internet providers if our country can upgrade their antennas with plasma antennas, our wireless Internet connection will no doubt speed up by 10 times. Malaysians will be able to download their favourite songs and movies while on the move. The plasma antenna can also be used by the TV broadcasting companies of our nation. ASTRO, for example, would certainly improve its service by upgrading to plasma antennas. Currently, Malaysians complain that whenever it rains, their reception of ASTRO faces problems. Often, they cannot receive a connection when the weather is bad. According to ASTRO, the radio waves that their satellites emit cannot penetrate through the thick layer of clouds and rain to reach the consumers home. rain_fade.JPG In my opinion, if they switch to plasma antennas, they can use the electromagnetic wave focussing ability of the plasma antenna to send out beams instead of waves. Beams would certainly have higher penetration power and can penetrate through cloud and rain to reach the customers homes. 4.0 CONCLUSION In conclusion, the plasma antenna works according to the same principles and physics laws as the normal antenna, with plasma replacing the metal conductors of the normal antenna. But because the conducting material used is plasma, it affords some advantages over a normal antenna. The most notable advantage of the plasma antenna is the fact that it is practically invisible to radar and can release short pulses of signals. Therefore, the military of US is currently racing to implement the plasma antenna into their existing systems. Also, another advantage of the plasma antenna is that it can pave the way towards faster wireless Internet, which is certainly needed by most users nowadays, whether it be for entertainment or business purposes. Although the plasma antenna has some disadvantages, these can be overcome using the problems respective solutions. Who knows, in the future somebody may design and manufacture plasma antennas after solving all disadvantages of the plasma antenna. What is certain though is the fact that plasma antennas are commercially viable and are expected to enter the market in 2011 or 2012. Because the manufacturing price of plasma antenna is quite low compared to normal antennas, it would be best if Malaysia can manufacture plasma antennas as a way to widen the jobs available.
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
Scott McNealy: Chairman And CEO Of SUN Microsystems :: essays research papers
Scott McNealy, Chairman and CEO, co-founded Sun Microsystems in 1982. Since the founding of Sun, the company has become one of the world leaders in computing network solutions. Thru McNealyââ¬â¢s participative, charismatic and transformational leadership styles, Sun is sure to continue its hold in the industry. A charismatic leader is one who has a compelling vision or sense of purpose, and ability to communicate that vision in clear terms that followers can understand. They also demonstrate a consistency and focus in pursuit of the vision, and an understanding of his or her own strengths. Through McNealyââ¬â¢s writings he conveys his vision of what technology should be and were it should go in the future. His willingness to take on controversial issues in the industry, head on, shows his belief and focus on his visions. McNealy states, ââ¬Å"Without choice, there is no competition. Without competition, there is no innovation. And without innovation, you are left with very littleâ⬠in support of the U.S. Anti-trust Laws. The companyââ¬â¢s mission statement is also an example of the clearly defined vision of where McNealy wants Sun to go in the future. One who has a participative leadership style actively seeks input from followers for many of the activities in organization. As bright a star that McNealy is one must realize that he couldnââ¬â¢t have done this all himself. The fast-paced, ever evolving computing industry requires more than just one individualââ¬â¢s input on an organizations direction. The book defines a transformational leader as one who inspires followers to transcend self-interests for the good of the organization and who is capable of having a profound and extraordinary affect on followers. McNealy has proven himself to be this type of leader. Not only has he had a
Monday, November 11, 2019
People money markets
After a few years of using the fiat system, the country of Monolayer decides to review Its monetary Institutions. Its economy has been quite volatile. Inflation has been high and the currency has depreciated. All this has caused foreign investment to drop dramatically. Currently, its central bankers are elected every two years. The country is considering a gold standard versus an independent central bank. What's the best way to go? Why? Answer: Monoplane's should consider Independent central bank over the gold standard.In the long run, the Independent central bank will be most suitable for a country with a volatile economy. It has certain advantages over the gold standard. Individuals have more certainty in the Central Bank; thus this serves to decrease Inflationary expectations. This makes Inflation low and steady. Another reason to keep Central banks independent from government In that governments have a tendency to settle on poor choices about fiscal strategy. Specifically when th ere is a tendency to be impacted by political contemplations.Therefore, when central bank Is independent such ulterior motives of government officials have no Impact on a country's economic state. Typically before elections, governments are enticed to cut interest rates. This expands investment development, diminishes unemployment and increments the political back of the gathering. On the other hand, this expansionary monetary policy might prompt inflation and blast and bust economic cycles. Therefore, It Is better to take financial approach out of government's hand so they are not able to play with a counters economy for their arsenal gains.Another reason to choose Independent central bank over gold standard is that gold standard limits the economic growth. Therefore, the country should continue to have fiat system with Independent central bank. Q. You're running the central bank off country called Cazenovia. The central bank that you lead is not Independent. So whenever the Prime Minister calls you to suggest that something be done, you obey. The Prime Minister calls you one day complaining that the currency is too high. Apparently, exporters are concerned thatScandinavia high currency rate is making them lose business abroad. What could you do as a central banker to get the currency to decline? Answer: As a banker, there are several possibilities to cause the currency value to depreciate and still keep the economy strong. Interest rates and currency exchange rates are correlated. To get the currency of Conclave to decline, it is required by the central bank to decrease lending rates. Another way Is to devalue the currency. By making It cheaper for the outside world to buy our goods and services at a lesser value than for the holders ofConvivial currency to purchase foreign goods and services. This will maintain the interest of foreign investors in our economy and they will pour more money into the economy. The exporters can keep make profits abroad. Further more, central banks can directly Increase the supply of money on the foreign exchange markets. It can 1 OFF This will increase the supply of Convivial money on the foreign exchange market, and decrease the supply of foreign currency, causing a depreciation in the value of the our currency.
Saturday, November 9, 2019
Ideals of the New Era essays
Ideals of the New Era essays During the time known as the New Era, many new technologies were presented to American consumers, and the living standards of the average American became better. With the workweek reduced to 45 hours, and paid vacations becoming the norm, the American people now had more leisure time on their hand. More people finished high school, but only a small percentage went to college. Electrical generators provided 80 percent of the power used in industry, thanks to a second Industrial Revolution. By 1929, more than 66% of American homes had electricity, and production had increased dramatically. Seen as the symbol for the good life, automobiles freed teenagers from the watchful eyes of their parents. With the automotive boom, suburbs were created and people began living miles away from work. Gas stations, diners, and motels became common landmarks in American life. Farming was improved with the advent of the tractor. One room schools disappeared due to buses carrying children into town. For the first time in American history, more than half of the American population lived in areas of more than 2,500 people. The metropolis saw a huge growth as well. In 1900, there were only 52 metropolitan areas of 100,000 people or more. By 1930, there were 115. The creation of movies, created the celebrity, an important facet of American culture even today. Although this was considered an age of prosperity, many still embraced old ways. Many Americans were afraid that the ways of life familiar for them were threatened by the technology and discoveries in science, along with criticism of the Bible. While most educated people saw Darwins Theory of Evolution as sound, Many evangelical protestants saw the Bible as a literal truth. In some states, teaching the theory of evolution became against the law. Secularism, liberal theology, and the Social Gospel were rejected, along with the belief that reform on Earth could lead to perfection. The Fundamental...
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Americas Capitalistic Government essays
Americas Capitalistic Government essays "We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its Foundation on such Principles, and organizing its Powers in such Form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." (Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence) When Thomas Jefferson wrote these words, he wrote them with the intent of establishing a new government that would not give anyone favoritism over others. After 224 years, this idea is still believed in by the citizens of America, but not practiced by their government. As the years passed, the values of America have slowly altered to materialism. The people trusted our government to make the best decisions for the entire country, but some decisions seem to favor the wealthiest citizens rather than all of the citizens. Not to say that the government is completely corrupt, but their priorities seem to have a monetary value, and they must pay for it some how. As a country with a capitalist government, one that has the main focus of making profit through free markets, money has an unfortunately big influence on policies that are made by the government. According to the public, which was based on middle-class adults in the US, business editors and college students, the general consensus came out to be that they believed that "capitalism must be altered before any significant improvements in human welfare can be realized." This can be seen throughout history in the positions taken by the government about free markets, unionization, and . ...
Monday, November 4, 2019
Berlin Art and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Berlin Art and Culture - Essay Example Baroque style and art forms can be understood by going through its historical context. The first modern age began in the 17th century. In the early 17th century, the Catholic Church of Rome in Italy adopted Counter-Reformation style. Later it spread to all the Roman Catholic countries throughout all the countries of Europe. Baroque is considered as an era of artistic style, which made the most use of the motion, exaggerated, and drama was produced with the clear and easy to interpreted details. Paintings, sculptures, architecture, literature, dance and music were given rise in this era. The catholic Churches helped in promoting the Baroque style as they decided that the art should be connected to the religious themes. In this era, there can be seen a drastic change in the architecture and art. The Baroque artââ¬â¢s characteristics consist of a sense of movement, tension and energy (Norberg-Schulz 19). The International Style in architecture emerged in Baroque period. In the Baroqu e period the artists attempted to rid the art of its complications as they brought the principles of clarity, balance and monumentality in the art forms by avoiding the asymmetry and distortion trends. The artists such as Annibale Carracci and Michelangelo Merisi took the art forms towards simplification. The Baroque approach always exhibited the dramatic intensity, massiveness, theatrical adventure and combination of colors. The new form included the art, integrating literature, music, drama and paintings, etc.
Saturday, November 2, 2019
Analysis and Critique of Francoise Roy's Diversity Management Plan For Essay
Analysis and Critique of Francoise Roy's Diversity Management Plan For PBQ - Essay Example Although Francoise has outlined and detailed various aspects of the plan, she is still unsure as to how to implement it within the organization as she foresees that it will be opposed by many managers and workgroups. The present organizational makeup is highly ethnocentric, with the Quebecois population proud of their heritage and achievements. Since the Peopleââ¬â¢s Bank of Quebec has been lagging behind in its diversity plan for the last ten years or so, there has been no serious or determined effort to comply with the requirements and the results are that the diversity element is visible in only about 6 percent of the bankââ¬â¢s workforce of over 7000 employees compared to the national average of 18 percent. 12 percent is the legal requirement for meeting the diversity goals. It is clear that Francoise and others in senior management echelons will have to take drastic steps to hurriedly push forward the program so as to meet the legal requirements. Meanwhile there are also a number of elements missing in the plan developed by Francoise which will be explained below. Strengths and Weaknesses of Francoise's Plan According to Das (1998) creating and implementing a good, effective and efficient diversity plan consists of the following steps: (1) identify current and future ideal state; (2) analyze present systems and procedures; (3) change policies, procedures and practices as needed, and (4) follow up and evaluate results (Panacchio & Waxin, 55-56). Step 3 itself is also comprised of a number of sub-steps, such as getting senior management commitment, establishment of a diversity committee, education and training of key personnel and an institution-wide communication of changes. Let us now evaluate the steps in Francoiseââ¬â¢s plan from this point of view. The CEO, Pierre Belanger, has assured her his support of the diversity initiative, and had even written senior management a letter to this effect, but much more needs to be done. Francois has not arr anged for the necessity of the implementation to be officially communicated through the Board of Directors or the Diversity Committee. It would have been good for the CEO to communicate the necessity of implementing such a plan and the need to do so quickly to meet legal requirements. Francoise has also not identified the current and future state of the enterprise regarding diversity goals and implementation. She has yet to redesign and convert HR policies to incorporate the diversity elements. While she has identified the training needs for key personnel, she has not included the employee training requirements and programs. She has also identified the need for a Diversity Committee but has not appointed a head. Normally this function resides with the Head of Human Resources so Francoise must be ready to undertake this responsibility. After implementing the diversity plans, there must be some method of feedback and correctional control for which open and transparent communication mu st be fostered at both ends but this element is also missing so Francoise will never know how well or badly the plan is working or what needs to be improved and what doesnââ¬â¢t. Although Francoiseââ¬â¢s diversity plan includes most of the necessary attributes, there are certain missing elements or misplaced priorities and moreover she does not have the courage to
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)