Freudian s Psychosexual Stages Of Personality Development

According to Freudian’s psychosexual stages of personality development, Peter’s behavior of wanting to be the breadwinner is caused mostly by his role as a male through the identification with his father during the Phallic Stage. Peter most probably resolved the Oedipus complex by identifying with his father; thus, explaining why he believes that he should work to support his family. 2. The archetypes, which is one of the eight psychological types from Jung’s theory explains the dissonance that Peter is having. The anima and the animus archetypes refer to Jung’s recognition that humans are bisexual in their psyche. He defines the anima as the psyche of the man what contains the feminine aspects. His anima is persuading Peter to assume the traditional female role, and to care for the children and to care for the house. At the same time, Peter’s masculine characteristics of being the breadwinner is exhibited. The animus is responsible for this behavior as it is masculine aspects of the psyche. The interplay of the anima and the animus is causing Peter to continue to work and earn money for his family and to quit his job and to stay home with his family. 3. The self archetype represents the integration of the overall personality. It is concern with the balance of all parts of archetypes that will form our personality, and is the motivating force that pull us to our goal. With Peter being attentive to both his anima an animus, Jung believes that if all of Peter’sShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagestension, and more. Life becomes a constant state of worry and dread. Eventually, the anxiety overtakes the person s mindset so much that it interferes with daily activities such as school, job, and other social activities. The cause of GAD is unknown, however, there is evidence that biology, family background, and traumatic life experiences all contribute to its roots of development. Living with generalized anxiety disorder can be a long-term struggle. In many cases, it is accompanied by other anxietyRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory1652 Words   |  7 PagesErik Erikson s psychosocial theory and Sigmund Freud s psychosexual theory are two well-known theories of personality development with various similarities and differences. While Erikson was influenced by Freud s ideas, his theory differed in a number of important ways and was ultimately created to be an improvement to Freud’s personality development theory (Friedman Schustack, 2012). Like Freud’s psychosexual theory, Erikson agreed that personality progresses in a sequence of predeterminedRead MoreFreuds and Eriksons Perspectives on Human Development Essay924 Words   |  4 Pagesof the most intriguing aspects of psychology is child development, it greatly impacts the rest of our lives and ultimate helps determine who we become as an adult. From a psychoanalytical perspective there are two great theorists, Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. From a Freudian perspective human development is based on psychosexual theory. From a psychosexual perspective maturation of the sex drives underlies stages of personality development (Shaffer et al., 2010). Ultimately, Freud believed thatRead MoreEvaluate the Extent to Which Freuds Theory of Psychosexual Development Can Help Us to Understand a Clients Presenting Issue?2411 Words   |  10 PagesFreud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issue. I will be describing Freud’s psychosexual theory and its relationship to adult neurotic behaviour as well as looking at the criticisms of Freudian theory. According to Freud personality is mostly established by the age of five. Early experiences play a large role in personality development and continue to influence behaviour later on in life. Freud’s theory of psychosexual development is one of theRead MoreTheories Of Personality And Psychosocial Development2308 Words   |  10 PagesPsychoanalysis and Psychosexuality Carolyn Bennett PSY/330 Theories of Personality Maurita Hodge 04/27/2015 I have chosen psychosexual and psychosocial development; for my model of presentation. In Freudian psychology, psychosexual development is a central element of the psychoanalytic sexual drive theory, that human beings, from birth, possess an instinctual libido (sexual energy) that develops in five stages. Each stage – the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital – isRead More A Comparison Between Freud and Erikson Essay1955 Words   |  8 Pagesunderstanding of child-development. Throughout history many theories have been used to attempt to explain the complex process. Two of those theorists, Freud and Erikson, were instrumental in creating a foundation for child-psychology to build on. From a Freudian perspective, human development is centered on psychosexual theory. Psychosexual theory indicates that maturation of the sex drives underlies stages of personality development. Alternatively, Erikson is considered a neo-freudian scholar who developedRead MoreShedding Light On Freud s Controversial Psychoanalytic Theory1525 Words   |  7 PagesKraft St. Johns River State College: Human Growth and Development Shedding Light on Freud’s Controversial Psychoanalytic Theory Psychoanalytic theories suggest that developmental changes happen due to the power of internal drives and emotions. Sigmund Freud, a Viennese physician, is said to be the founding father of this theory. He believed biological impulses, such as a need for food and sex, were the driving impulses for personality development (Denise Boyd Helen Bee, 2012, p. 25). In fact, oneRead MoreSigmund Freud And Erik Erikson1110 Words   |  5 Pagesdecades ago. The discontinuous psychosexual and psychosocial theory takes place in stages in one course moving through drives that are biological along with societal expectations (Berk, 2013). The contributions to this perspective include both Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. Freud examined psychosexual theory and how those first childhood years of drives shape the personality. Thus, such drive names are the id, ego, and superego. The id emergences in the early stages of infancy, between 3 to 6 yearsRead MoreDefense Mechanisms For Superego, Id, Ego, S uperego?882 Words   |  4 Pagestheorist who identified three interacting parts of a person’s psychological functioning; Id, Ego, Superego. Freud also created the stages of psyhosexual development; starting from the first year of life, to puberty. Presenting at birth Id or the unconscious generates impulses that seek immediate pleasure and satisfaction. Freud believes that this is the â€Å"first personality structure developed†. (Bonaparte, P. M. (1954)). Id is considered our instinctual, responses, drive, and reaction. What a personRead MoreThe Surface Represents The Consciousness Essay1029 Words   |  5 Pagesmind, and an essential presumption of Freudian hypothesis which is the unconscious mind represents conduct to a more prominent degree than people had suspected. Certainly, the objective of psychoanalysis is to make the unconscious conscious. His psychoanalytic theory of personality challenges that human conduct is the after effect of the associations among three segment parts of the brain which are the Id, ego and superego. This â€Å"structural theory† of personality has a large significance on how disagreements

Gender and the Accouting Profession in Saudi Arabia Essay

Essays on Gender and the Accouting Profession in Saudi Arabia Essay 3. Accountancy and Professionalism Accounting professionalization has been studied extensively from varying viewpoints like the functionalist, interactionist and/or critical perspectives. These views have tried to understand the expansion of professional accounting associations. For example, the functionalist view states that the main purpose of professionalization is to have professionals with specific knowledge and skills that are ready to aid society selflessly. One main concern of many authors has been whether accountancy is actually a profession due to its particular attributes like specialised knowledge and code of ethics. Many theoretical and sociological perspectives have been applied such as Functionalist, Weberian and Marxist, in order to understand accountancy and professionalism. For example, the Weberian view proposes that only individuals who fulfil the required standards should be allowed to even undergo training. It further states that only after being professionally trained should they apply for membership to gain credibility (add reference here). The profession of accountancy has always boasted a particular male dominated image. As a result, women have often been ignored as the ‘other’ and deprived of holding their own position as an accountant (Johnston Kyriacou 2006). Accountancy has also always fought to maintain a professional position in society and therefore, it is easily negatively affected by different process. For example, when women’s position in society is seen as inferior to men, their increased entry into accountancy serves to harm its struggle. Due to this, multiple patriarchal structures have appeared in order to control the risk to professionalization that feminization supposedly caused. The organizations and firms where accountancy is regulated affect the results and the authority of the outlined rules and practices. Often these firms are not given the importance they deserve. For, they are essential in standardizing accountancy practices, mediating identities and managing professional governing. Therefore, this research will attempt to understand the professionalization of regulation in the multi-national professional service firms (currently known as the Big 4) in Saudi Arabia and explore the role of women accountants. In the following section core features and themes which define the institutional structures of Accountancy are mapped out. 4. Institutional Structures of Accountancy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.1 Inclusion, Exclusion and Marginalization Studies have often ignored certain groups of accountants and have failed to include them when understanding the role of professional accounting. For example, different marginalized accountants like women, clerks, and blacks are integral in properly analysing the professional formation of accounting because they are a good indicator of the reconstruction of its boundaries. Their inclusion in studies will allow us to understand the progress of accounting as a profession and its value relating to class, gender and race (Cooper Robson, 2006). More studies of marginalized accountants will help to distinguish excluded groups, see how various systems of prestige are constructed and understand the professional development of accountancy and the important social and economic value its services are given (Cooper Robson, 2006). One study carried out by Kirkham and Loft (1993) analyzed non-elite accountants like, cost and bookkeeping clerks in order to see how they professionalised their work. For example, one method of increasing their professional formation was to ally themselves with elite accountants and auditors. Another study done by Witz (1992) explained the notion of ‘discursive strategies’ to better understand the link between ideology and professional practice. The exclusionary tactics of professional men were also examined which prevented others from entering the profession by deeming them ‘ineligible’ (Cooper Robson, 2006). Lehman (1992) further researched the role of women accountants in Russia and how they increasingly controlled the profession. However, the onset of the Western accounting model and its firms shifted this control to men (Cooper Robson, 2006). Hanlon (1994) raises a vital point in the professionalization of accounting and its related social concerns. Hanlon looks at the analysis of power and the way accounting labour is divided in society with the bulk of the service class being marginalized and their work imperilled by automation and low wage competition (Cooper Robson, 2006). For example, a small group of privileged accountants control the capital and reap immense rewards for their work while the majority are at junior levels like bookkeepers, women and new immigrants (Cooper Robson, 2006). Furthermore, a study by Cinar (2001) states that one reason for women marginalization is that most of them are concentrated in low-wage jobs. In an Arab context, Kamla (2012) showed how Western financial and auditing firms in Syria are contributing to the marginalization of Syrian women by excluding veiled women from their work-force. For example, preventing veiled Arab women from working as professional accountants in established fi rms excludes and marginalizes them due to their dress code (Kamla, 2012). Witz (1992) argues that professionalization of any work seeks to control its activity and states that the concept of a ‘professional project’ defines the historically recognized characteristics of a profession. Also, accounting isn’t the only profession where roles and tasks are distributed unequally. For example, even in the medical field a certain level of division of labour exists where menial tasks are given to nurses just like senior accountants of firms delegate everyday tasks to junior accountants, mainly women. Witz further explains that the professional projects seek to employ strategies that monopolize certain skills and power where the relationship between senior and junior groups needs to be examined further in order to understand the division of power. Also, strategies of occupational closure are prominent in establishing the boundaries of accountancy in relation to gender division. The fact that power is given to the elite few further propels the bou ndaries of power and gender division, allowing them to employ demarcation strategies to strengthen these restrictions. This conceptual model of the masculinity of the accountancy profession is a key issue in maintaining differential power due to gender (add reference here).

Theme of Guilt in Hamlet Fifth Business Free Essays

There is one human emotion that can paralyse us, lead us to lie both to ourselves and others, to commit actions that we don’t endure, and to cripple any rational thought processes. It is self perpetuating if allowed to get out of control. Its side effects are anger, aggressiveness, fear or reclusiveness. We will write a custom essay sample on Theme of Guilt in Hamlet Fifth Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its symptoms are irrational behaviour, lying, anguish, and lack of self-esteem. It is the strong emotion that can affect our conscience, like an acid drop it corrodes the soul within and in extreme conditions it demolishes one’s life, it is better known as guilt. Guilt is a reoccurring theme in Robertson Davies’ Fifth Business, and William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, that is demonstrated by various characters including, Dunstable Ramsay, Paul Dempster, Hamlet and Claudius and this essay shall compare the theme of guilt between the two literatures. In the novel Fifth Business, guilt is a plague that has spread throughout the lives of Dunstan Ramsay, and Paul Dempster; both characters are drenched with guilt that was a result of a tragic incident caused by Percy Staunton Boyd when he threw the snowball and it â€Å"hit Mrs. Dempster on the back of the head. † (Davies, 2). Dunstan experiences guilt early on in his childhood, realizing it is him who ultimately caused the premature labour of Paul, â€Å"Nevertheless this conversation reheated my strong sense of guilt and responsibility about Paul. † (Davies, 136). As the guilt overtakes his life, Dunny compares what he is feeling to what dying feels like and questions whether that would be better than dealing with this overwhelming guilt: â€Å"Ah, if dying were all there was to it! Hell and torment at once, but at least you know where you stand. It is living with these guilty secrets that exacts the price† (Davies, 19). Born prematurely, Paul Dempster was convicted of being guilty as he was responsible for robbing his mother of her sanity, as explained to him by his father, Amasa Dempster, â€Å"My father always told me it was my birth that robbed her of her sanity. So as a child I had to carry the weight of my mother’s madness as something that was my own doing. † (Davies, 148). Moreover Paul was forced to feel the guilt at a young age, causing him to become frustrated, and that is when he decides to escape from Deptford and runs away with Le grand Cirque forain des St. Vite (Davies, 148), â€Å"‘He was my only teacher till I ran away with a circus. † (Davies, 265). Equivalently in the play Hamlet, the theme of guilt was developed through Hamlet and his most hateful enemy, King Claudius. Hamlet experiences guilt when he recognizes that he has not yet avenged his father’s death and in Act I Scene ii Hamlet reveals that he is upset and disappointed with himself, as he has not taken any actions to attain revenge from Claudius, the murderer of his father. Hamlet then calls himself, â€Å"a peasant slave† and questions, â€Å"What’s Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba, That he should weep for her? What would he do, Had he motive and cue for passion That I have? † (Shakespeare, II, ii, 529. 38-541). Furthermore, Hamlet later decides to relief his overwhelming guilt by commanding the actors to re-enact his father’s death through The Murder of Gonzago, (Shakespeare, III, ii, 284), in order to confirm that the ghost was being truthful and Claudius did kill his father, â€Å"May be the devil, and the devil hath power T’ assume a pleasing shape. Yea, and perhaps Out of my weakness and my melancholy, As he is very potent with such spirits, A buses me to damn me. I’ll have grounds More relative than this. The play’s the thing Wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the king. † (Shakespeare, II, ii, 561- 567). Eagerly wanting the throne Claudius murdered his brother, King Hamlet by poisoning him when he was sleeping in the garden, â€Å"He poisons him i’ th’ garden for‘s estate. † (Shakespeare, III, ii, 246); his crime was soon revealed by the intelligent Hamlet, when he ordered the actors to create a play outlining the murder of King Hamlet, â€Å"Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you, trippingly on the tongue. †(Shakespeare, III, ii, 190-191). Claudius provoked and disturbed from the play, orders for it to be stopped, â€Å"Give o’er the play. † (Shakespeare, III, ii, 253) and leaves the scene, â€Å"The king rises. (Shakespeare, III, ii, 250) as his dirty crime is now evident. Devoured with the guilt of killing his brother, Claudius confesses and prays to God, hoping that it will cost him less time in Purgatory, â€Å"Oh, my offence is rank. It smells to heaven. It hath the primal eldest curse upon ’t, A brotherà ¢â‚¬â„¢s murder. Pray can I not. Though inclination be as sharp as will, My stronger guilt defeats my strong intent, And, like a man to double business bound, I stand in pause where I shall first begin, And both neglect. † (Shakespeare, III, ii, 37-44). Silent yet deadly, its side effects are anger, aggressiveness or fear and reclusiveness. Its symptoms are irrational behaviour, lying, anguish, and lack of self-esteem. It is the strong emotion that can affect our conscience, like an acid drop it corrodes the soul within and in extreme conditions it demolishes one’s life, it is better known as guilt. The theme of guilt is an important reoccurring phenomenon in Robertson Davies’ Fifth Business, and William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, as demonstrated by a number of characters including, Dunstable Ramsay, Paul Dempster, Hamlet, and Claudius, and this essay compared the theme of guilt between the two literatures. How to cite Theme of Guilt in Hamlet Fifth Business, Papers